The role of object instance re-identification in 3D object localization and semantic 3D reconstruction.

For an autonomous system to completely understand a particular scene, a 3D reconstruction of the world is required which has both the geometric information such as camera pose and semantic information such as the label associated with an object (tree, chair, dog, etc.) mapped within the 3D reconstruction. In this thesis, we will study the problem of an object-centric 3D reconstruction of a scene in contrast with most of the previous work in the literature which focuses on building a 3D point cloud that has only the structure but lacking any semantic information. We will study how crucial 3D object localization is for this problem and will discuss the limitations faced by the previous related methods. We will present an approach for 3D object localization using only 2D detections observed in multiple views by including 3D object shape priors. Since our first approach relies on associating 2D detections in multiple views, we will also study an approach to re-identify multiple object instances of an object in rigid scenes and will propose a novel method of joint learning of the foreground and background of an object instance using a triplet-based network in order to identify multiple instances of the same object in multiple views. We will also propose an Augmented Reality-based application using Google's Tango by integrating both the proposed approaches. Finally, we will conclude with some open problems that might benefit from the suggested future work

A universal maximum likelihood decoder using noise guessing

Wireless communication technologies lie at the forefront of cutting edge and form the backbone of the Internet and Data first era that we live in. The need for High-speed data communication also exacerbates the need of data reliability. Data is encoded before transmission to ensure that it is faithfully reproduced at the receiver. Decoding an arbitrary code has been described as a NP-complete problem. As a result of this, previous works have developed decoders that are specific to certain codes, as an approximation of Maximum Likelihood Decoding. This co-development of codes and decoding schemes, however, limits the functionality of the decoders, which can only work with a finite number of encoding schemes that were designed for it. It has also been seen that the performance of these decoders degrade as we increase the code-rate. In our proposed approach we leverage a new algorithm, Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) algorithm, for realizing Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding based on noise, contrasting traditional algorithms which decode the information directly. Since GRAND decodes the noise rather than the information, it reduces computational complexity and storage. In contrast to traditional architectures, GRAND decoder can be designed independently of the encoder due to its dependency only on the noise making it a universal maximum-likelihood decoder. Hence this architecture is agnostic to any coding scheme. GRAND algorithm is also proven to be capacity achieving when using random code-books. The decoder works for high-rate, small block-size code-words, at low latency and low complexity, making it ideal for implementing in the control channel. Our approach holistically develops and integrates GRAND and embedded security to demonstrate a secure hardware solution that has high-energy efficiency with low latency and low complexity performance metrics addressing next-generation communication system requirements. We present preliminary estimates of throughput around 250 Mbps, at a Bit Error Rate of 0.001, with an energy per bit value of 16.5 pJ/b at a clock frequency of 50 MHz for a supply voltage of 0.9 V.2022-05-08T00:00:00

re-OBJ: Jointly Learning the Foreground and Background for Object Instance Re-identification

Conventional approaches to object instance re-identification rely on matching appearances of the target objects among a set of frames. However, learning appearances of the objects alone might fail when there are multiple objects with similar appearance or multiple instances of same object class present in the scene. This paper proposes that partial observations of the background can be utilized to aid in the object re-identification task for a rigid scene, especially a rigid environment with a lot of reoccurring identical models of objects. Using an extension to the Mask R-CNN architecture, we learn to encode the important and distinct information in the background jointly with the foreground relevant to rigid real-world scenarios such as an indoor environment where objects are static and the camera moves around the scene. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our joint visual feature in the re-identification of objects in the ScanNet dataset and show a relative improvement of around 28.25% in the rank-1 accuracy over the deepSort method.Comment: Accepted to ICIAP 2019 and awarded the Best Student Pape

Empirical Analysis of Function Point Analysis – Research View

Software measurement [1], once an obscure and esoteric specialty, has become essential to good software engineering [2, 3, 4]. Many of the best software developers measure characteristics of the software to get some sense of whether the requirements are consistent and complete, whether the design is of high quality, and whether the code is ready to be tested. Effective project manager’s measure attributes of process and product to be able to tell when the software will be ready for delivery and whether the budget will be exceeded. Informed customers measure aspects of the final product to determine if it meets the requirements and is of sufficient quality. And maintainers must be able to assess the current product to see what should be upgraded and improved. Here, we present empirical research in two areas, Function Oriented Analysis to find function points and weightages of plan driven vs agile development based on type of project, validations will be carried out using train test procedure for FPA and Ideal Point Analysis for weightage

Smoking Pattern in Family Members of Smokers in Slums of Surat City, Western India

Background: The relationship between becoming a smoker and having smoker parents, siblings, and relatives is still uncovered in India. The influences of a smoking role model in a family on smoking habits of individuals are yet to be revealed. This study aimed to understand the relationship of smoking abuse of a person with smoking of their family members. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the slums of 20 urban health centers (UHCs) of Surat city (India). A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed using Epi-Info software. Findings: Among 281 smoker participants, 168 (59.8%), 55 (19.6%), 95 (33.8%), and 50 (17.8%) had smoking fathers, grandparents, siblings, and other relatives, respectively. While 131 participants (44.6%) had correct information about the law of banned smoking, 249 participants (88.6%) were in favor of this law. The association of smoking abuse in fathers with smoking abuse in siblings came out to be odds ratio (OR) = 3.75 (95% CI: 2.11-6.63) and grandparents to be odds ratio 16.43 (95% CI: 4.98-54.17), respectively. The association between education and following the law of banned smoking was statistically significant OR = 2.98 (95% CI: 1.43-6.00).Conclusion: Substance abuse in parents, siblings, and other relatives is likely to influence the behavior of the person towards it. Persons living in the same vicinity may also greatly influence the behavior of an individual.Keywords: Smoking, Smoker, India

Clinicopathological Spectrum of Thrombocytopenia in Sangli District of Western MaharashtraA Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia is now a day’s common haematological finding with various aetiologies is the situation where, there is low blood platelet count. Aetiology for thrombocytopenia is multi factorial which makes the management challenging. Aim: To study the clinicopathological spectrum of thrombocytopenia in population of Sangli district, Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in Sangli district, Maharashtra, India, for a period of two years from July 2019 to June 2021. It included 920 patients with platelet count<1.5 lakh/mm3 , irrespective of their age group. The clinical profile laboratory data and complications of patients with a platelet count of less than 1,50,000/mm3 were analysed and tabulated. All the collected data was tabulated in MS-Excel and analysed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 where frequency distribution was used test study variables. Results: The total sample size was 920 with 546 (59.35%) males and 374 (40.65%) females. Out of 920 patients, majority 392 (42.61%) were diagnosed with infections that lead to thrombocytopenia, where dengue was identified as the most common cause having 173 (18.80%) cases followed by other infection and other diseases. Conclusion: Dengue was observed to be the most common infectious disease causing thrombocytopenia in the present study. The present study might help in categorising the level of infection i.e., mild or severe thrombocytopenia. Early signs of bleeding could stop further complications and transformation into high risk towards different morbidities, respectivel

Smoking Pattern in Family Members of Smokers in Slums of Surat City, Western India

Abstract Background: The relationship between becoming a smoker and having smoker parents, siblings, and relatives is still uncovered in India. The influences of a smoking role model in a family on smoking habits of individuals are yet to be revealed. This study aimed to understand the relationship of smoking abuse of a person with smoking of their family members. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the slums of 20 urban health centers (UHCs) of Surat city (India). A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed using Epi-Info software. Findings: Among 281 smoker participants, 168 (59.8%), 55 (19.6%), 95 (33.8%), and 50 (17.8%) had smoking fathers, grandparents, siblings, and other relatives, respectively. While 131 participants (44.6%) had correct information about the law of banned smoking, 249 participants (88.6%) were in favor of this law. The association of smoking abuse in fathers with smoking abuse in siblings came out to be odds ratio (OR) = 3.75 (95% CI: 2.11-6.63) and grandparents to be odds ratio 16.43 (95% CI: 4.98-54.17), respectively. The association between education and following the law of banned smoking was statistically significant OR = 2.98 (95% CI: 1.43-6.00). Conclusion: Substance abuse in parents, siblings, and other relatives is likely to influence the behavior of the person towards it. Persons living in the same vicinity may also greatly influence the behavior of an individual

Perceptions Regarding Treatment by Dental Quacks and Self-Rated Oral Health Among the Residents of Bhopal City, Central India

Introduction: Dental quackery has become one of the most unethical practices misleading majority of the Indian population. It has become prevalent to such a grass-roots level that curbing this menace is becoming very difficult. This mockery of dental practice imparts unethical dental care to the innocent people and results in complications, which sometimes lead to death of the individual. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of visits to dental quacks, and to describe the factors influencing these visits. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Study participants were recruited from one of the satellite centres of a private dental institution. Information regarding visits to dental quacks, reasons for the visit and self-rated oral health was obtained from the participants using structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The obtained data were analysed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 314 people who visited the centre during the study period, 280 (92%) agreed to participate in the study. The prevalence of the visits to dental quacks was 42.1%. The participants who visited quacks were older and less educated. The reason for preferring a quack to a dentist was primarily because of the referrals provided by the family members and peers. The most common reason for visiting a quack was toothache (66.1%), and tooth extraction was the most common treatment received (33.8%). Conclusion: Age and level of education significantly influenced the visits to dental quacks and are the two major factors influencing such visits

Стереотипи вживання тютюну, поінформованість курців та витрати на тютюнові вироби: результати опитування у місті Сурат, Індія

BACKGROUND: As smoking is a major risk factor in India, the objective of present study was to assess smoking patterns, expenditure and awareness amongst smokers and to examine factors associated with the severity of smoking in Surat city. METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with the use of pre-structured questionnaire tool targeting 281 current smokers in the slums of 20 Urban Health Centers. Smokers were categorized based on pack-years, which means the number of packs smoked per day multiplied by the duration of smoking (mild &lt;5, moderate 5-15, and severe &gt;15), and based on the number of cigarette/bidis smoked per day without the duration component (mild &lt;10, moderate 10-19, and severe ≥20). Factors associated with severity of smoking were examined within two approaches with help of Epi-info mediated analysis. RESULTS: Lower severity of smoking was associated with smaller number of family members who smoke (p&lt;0.001). Groups of mild and moderate-severe smokers were similar with regards to education, socioeconomic class, and awareness regarding hazards of smoking (p&gt;0.05). With the influence of friends (50%), about 60% smokers engage into this habit before the age of 20 years. Though only 20% of current smokers were not aware of the consequences of active smoking, more than 50% did not know about the same for passive smoking. The lowest socioeconomic class spends 44% of their income on tobacco products compared to 7% in the highest class. CONCLUSION: The study provides insights for information, education and counseling (IEC) activities which should take into account health impact of bidi smoking, low awareness of health impact of passive smoking, and higher percentage of total monthly expenditure on tobacco among low-income household resulting in crowding out of expenditures on other needs.АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Поскольку курение является важным фактором риска в Индии, целью данного исследования была оценка стереотипов потребления табака, расходов на табак и знаний о влиянии на здоровье, а также факторов, связанных с тяжестью курения, среди курильщиков города Сурат. МЕТОДЫ: Одномоментный опрос 281 курильщика с использованием структурированной анкеты был проведен на базе населенного пункта в трущобах, окружающих 20 городских центров здоровья. Курильщиков классифицировали в зависимости от показателя пачко-лет, то есть количества пачек, выкуриваемых в день, умноженных на количество лет курения (легкие – менее 5 пачко-лет, умеренные – 5-15 пачко-лет, тяжелые – более 15), и в зависимости от количества сигарет, выкуриваемых в день, без учета длительности курения (легкие – менее 10 сигарет в день, умеренные – 10-19 сигарет в день, тяжелые – 20 и более сигарет в день). Факторы тяжести курения, измеренной с помощью двух подходов, анализировали с использованием программы Epi-info. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Меньшая тяжесть курения сочеталась с меньшим количеством курящих членов семьи (p&lt;0.001). Группы курильщиков различной тяжести не различались по образованию, социально-экономическому статусу, уровню знаний об опасности курения. Под влиянием друзей (50%) около 60% курильщиков вовлекаются в курение до 20 лет. Хотя только 20% не знали о последствиях активного курения, более 50% не знали о влиянии пассивного курения. Представители низшего социального класса затрачивают на курение 44% своих доходов по сравнению с 7% доходов представителей высшего класса. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Исследование дает информацию для просветительских действий, которые должны принимать во внимание влияние на здоровье курения биди, низкую осведомленность о влиянии на здоровье пассивного курения, а также более высокую долю расходов на табак в бюджете малоимущих курильщиков, что ведет к вытеснению расходов на другие важные потребности. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: табачный дым, осведомленность, расходы, биди, Индия.АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Поскольку курение является важным фактором риска в Индии, целью данного исследования была оценка стереотипов потребления табака, расходов на табак и знаний о влиянии на здоровье, а также факторов, связанных с тяжестью курения, среди курильщиков города Сурат. МЕТОДЫ: Одномоментный опрос 281 курильщика с использованием структурированной анкеты был проведен на базе населенного пункта в трущобах, окружающих 20 городских центров здоровья. Курильщиков классифицировали в зависимости от показателя пачко-лет, то есть количества пачек, выкуриваемых в день, умноженных на количество лет курения (легкие – менее 5 пачко-лет, умеренные – 5-15 пачко-лет, тяжелые – более 15), и в зависимости от количества сигарет, выкуриваемых в день, без учета длительности курения (легкие – менее 10 сигарет в день, умеренные – 10-19 сигарет в день, тяжелые – 20 и более сигарет в день). Факторы тяжести курения, измеренной с помощью двух подходов, анализировали с использованием программы Epi-info. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Меньшая тяжесть курения сочеталась с меньшим количеством курящих членов семьи (p&lt;0.001). Группы курильщиков различной тяжести не различались по образованию, социально-экономическому статусу, уровню знаний об опасности курения. Под влиянием друзей (50%) около 60% курильщиков вовлекаются в курение до 20 лет. Хотя только 20% не знали о последствиях активного курения, более 50% не знали о влиянии пассивного курения. Представители низшего социального класса затрачивают на курение 44% своих доходов по сравнению с 7% доходов представителей высшего класса. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Исследование дает информацию для просветительских действий, которые должны принимать во внимание влияние на здоровье курения биди, низкую осведомленность о влиянии на здоровье пассивного курения, а также более высокую долю расходов на табак в бюджете малоимущих курильщиков, что ведет к вытеснению расходов на другие важные потребности. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: табачный дым, осведомленность, расходы, биди, Индия